1. Current situation of bearing industry
The main production countries and regions of international bearings are China, Germany, Sweden, and Japan. Ten years ago, a dominant pattern of eight multinational companies had been formed, with a market share of over 80%, with relatively obvious technological advantages. China's bearing industry has formed a relatively large economic scale, currently accounting for about 10% of the global bearing industry market. In 2011, the industry produced 18 billion sets of bearings, with a sales revenue of 142 billion yuan, ranking third in the world. However, compared to the world's leading countries in the bearing industry, there is still a certain gap in China's bearing industry, mainly manifested in the low proportion of high-precision, high-tech, and high value-added products, and the need for further improvement in product stability. In recent years, with the vigorous development of the economy, China's bearing industry has greatly enhanced its independent innovation capacity and the supporting capacity of the national economy. The bearing industry in China has been able to produce more than 70000 specifications and various types of bearings, basically meeting the supporting requirements of the national economy and national defense construction.
Bearing is a basic mechanical component, and the bearing industry is a technology intensive, capital intensive, and labor intensive industry that is mutually compatible. Due to the low threshold of entry and the lack of exit mechanism, a large number of small enterprises make the concentration ratio of China's bearing industry low, and directly lead to fierce competition in China's bearing market; At the same time, eight of the world's largest bearing companies have set up factories in China and obtained domestic sales channels, making the competition in China's bearing market more intense. The new round of world Economic restructuring has provided new development opportunities for China's bearing industry. Enterprises of scale in the industry will use their own advantages in scale, management, brand and product quality to enter the high-end and core technology fields of bearing manufacturing, To further consolidate and expand its market share, the industry concentration ratio will be improved. Strive to occupy an active position and larger market share in the international division of labor.
2. Technical level of bearing industry
The advantageous enterprises in China's bearing industry have developed 528 types of supporting bearings for 106 major technical equipment in 13 out of 16 key fields, reaching the level of similar products abroad. However, China's bearing industry is large but not strong, the development of bearing manufacturing processes and equipment technology is slow, the level of CNC automation in turning is low, and many technical problems have not been solved. The research and development of new steel grades for bearing steel, improvement of steel quality, and research and development of related technologies such as lubrication, cooling, cleaning, and abrasive grinding tools cannot meet the requirements for improving the level and quality of bearing products, affecting the accuracy, performance Lifetime and reliability.
At present, China's bearing production enterprises have greatly improved the overall technical level of the industry through the introduction of advanced process equipment and their own research and development. Some production enterprises have reached the international advanced level in their process equipment. Currently, only a few enterprises can master the salt quenching heat treatment production line, which represents the world's advanced level.
3. Operating characteristics of the bearing industry
(1) Business model of the industry
Bearing manufacturing enterprises generally adopt the business model of "production based on sales", that is, purchasing raw materials and organizing production according to sales orders and dealer sales plans. In terms of sales, joint bearings, AG bearings, and tapered roller bearings mainly adopt direct sales and agency sales models; Gears and gearboxes are mainly sold through direct sales. The product pricing method is to determine the product price based on the cost of raw materials for production plus processing expenses and reasonable profit.
(2) Relevance between industries and upstream and downstream industries
The bearing industry is closely related to upstream raw material suppliers and key downstream supporting fields of companies in downstream industries such as construction machinery and heavy vehicles.
The correlation between upstream industry and bearing industry and its impact
The main raw materials in the bearing industry are special steel, and the supply and price fluctuations of upstream raw materials have an impact on the bearing industry. On the one hand, the production of special steel products in China has maintained a rapid growth over the years, ensuring the supply of special steel products in the bearing industry and fully meeting the quality requirements of raw materials for bearing production. On the other hand, the sharp fluctuations in the prices of major raw materials and special steels in recent years have brought certain liquidity pressure and inventory depreciation reserves risk management pressure to bearing manufacturers.
Due to the high proportion of special steel in production costs, the sales prices of various products have a higher correlation with the prices of special steel, and their price trends are basically the same.
The relevance and impact of downstream industries and the bearing industry
The downstream industries of the bearing industry mainly include construction machinery and heavy vehicles. "Stabilizing growth, controlling prices, adjusting the structure, benefiting the people's livelihood, focusing on reform, and promoting harmony" is the theme of China's economic development this year. The state regulates the continuity and stability of economic development through active fiscal policies and prudent monetary policies. For the company's business development, a prudent investment policy will bring structural opportunities to bearings and gearboxes.
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